Olive Cultivars
Frantoio is the most noted olive oil variety of Tuscany, Italy, and one of the most highly acclaimed oil varieties in the world. It is grown commercially in most olive growing regions including Italy, NorthAfrica, Australia, Argentina and California. Under the name 'Paragon', Frantoio olives have also wellproven themselves in most olive growing regions of Australia. Just for interest, in Tuscany, Italy, an olive oil processing factory is also called a 'Frantoio'. Frantoio olives are small to medium size (2 to 3g) and oval in shape. The olives have a pleasant nutty flavourwhen pickled. When mature, the fruit are coloured purple-black, but at the preferred harvest timefor oil production are green and purple-green. The highly noted oil is of fruity character, highly aromatic and of leading quality. Leccino is also known as Leccio, Premice and Silverstone. The drupe is of medium size (2 to2.5 grams). The maturation is early and simultaneous. The fruit is purple-black although purplegreen at the optimal picking time. It has variable oil content of between 16 and 21%. The oilis good, mildly fruity and delicate. This is a very rustic variety, widely planted throughout the world. The tree is quick to produce and resists well adverse climatic conditions and parasites. More recently it has been used for the production of table olives, semi-ripe or black.
Corratina is one of the most important Italian varieties, especially favoured in the area of Puglia, the largest olive growing area of Italy. This variety adapts very well to different growing environments and conditions. The fruit is large and oval with no nipple and manysmall lenticels. The fruit ripens evenly and late in the season. In some years it is also suitablefor green table olives. The fruit appears to be resistant to anthracnose, but cankers occur on the tree. Coratina produces very high quality oil with high levels of polyphenols making itvery stable. The oil is initially harsh and needs time to soften. Mission is by far the most popular cultivar grown in South Africa. Because of its suitability to black processing, its reliable production under a wide range of conditions and its dualpurpose use. The tree grows vigorously, has an upright growth habit, may reach a height ofabout 15 meters, and so has to be regularly topped to facilitate harvesting. Because the fruit is relatively resistant to bruising, it is easy to pick, transport and handle during processing. Ithas a medium to high content of excellent quality fruity oil and any fruit that is unsuitable fortable use can be profitably utilized by the oil mills.
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